Anxiety is a natural response of the body to stressful situations. It is a defense mechanism that allows us to face different circumstances in life. But if it becomes persistent and disproportionate, anxiety can paralyze us, which is a problem.
As we age, we face a number of physical and social changes, such as the loss of loved ones, health problems and changes in routine, which can trigger anxiety. This anxiety in older people involves feelings of worry, fear or nervousness that go beyond what would be considered normal, even for their age.
Older people with anxiety often experience emotional symptoms, such as restlessness, worry about the future, or excessive fear; and also physical symptoms, such as palpitations, sweating or tremors.
The worrying thing is that anxiety in older people tends to become chronic and is associated with a significant number of negative consequences, such as increased disability, decreased feelings of well-being and satisfaction with life, and even increased mortality. Hence the importance of preventing and calming anxiety in older people.
Main symptoms of anxiety in older people
Symptoms of anxiety in older people can vary, and it is important to recognize that each individual may experience anxiety differently. Some of the common symptoms are:
–Excessive worry. Older people with anxiety often have intense worries about future situations, sometimes for no apparent cause. These concerns may focus on health, family, finances, or other aspects of life. The person cannot stop thinking about what worries them, even recognizing the absurd nature of those thoughts or actions.
-Panic attacks. These are panic attacks due to an irrational fear that arise spontaneously and in which one believes that one is going to die.
-Restlessness or agitation. Anxiety can manifest itself basically as restlessness, where the person feels unable to relax or remain still.
-Sleep problems. Anxiety is often associated with difficulties falling or staying asleep. Older people may experience insomnia, frequent awakenings during the night, or have restless dreams.
-Fatigue. Constant anxiety can mentally and physically exhaust an older person, leading to fatigue.
-Gastrointestinal problems. Physical symptoms of anxiety may include an upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation.
-Difficulty concentrating. Anxiety can affect the ability to concentrate and make decisions. Older people may have trouble focusing on daily tasks or activities.
-Irritability. Anxiety in older people can cause them to become more sensitive, impatient or irritable in response to situations that would not normally bother them.
-Physical symptoms. In addition to the symptoms mentioned, anxiety in older people can present with physical symptoms such as palpitations, tremors, excessive sweating and difficulty breathing.
How to calm an elderly person with anxiety
When faced with an anxiety crisis in older people, it is essential to know how to calm it. To do this, it is recommended:
-Keep calm. Your own calm and tranquility can be contagious, so it is advisable to maintain a soft and calm tone of voice, and avoid showing anxiety or frustration.
-Active listening. Our elders need to be listened to. It is very positive to give the elderly person the opportunity to express their concerns and validate their feelings, showing understanding and empathy.
-Offer reassuring information. If the anxiety is related to specific concerns, try to provide information that can be comforting and realistic. Sometimes knowledge can reduce uncertainty and anxiety.
-Offer support and accompaniment. Reassure the elderly person that they are not alone and that they are counting on you. The simple act of being present and showing interest can be comforting.
-Promotes relaxation techniques. Deep, slow breathing can help reduce anxiety. Encourage the older person to breathe deeply, inhale slowly through the nose, and exhale slowly through the mouth. Tai chi, yoga and meditation also help to leave the mind blank and escape from worries, at least for a few hours, which helps calm anxiety in older people.
-Distract with leisure and positive activities. To calm anxiety in older people, it is also very useful to redirect their attention towards relaxing activities or positive leisure distractions. This could include listening to soft music, looking at pleasant photos, taking walks or participating in games and activities with family or friends, as it relieves stress and worries, and raises self-esteem.
-Practice daily physical activity. Studies and clinical experience indicate that physical exercise also helps calm and prevent anxiety and depression. A daily exercise routine is vitally important to control anxiety in older people.
Treatment of anxiety in older people
It is relatively easy to confuse the symptoms of anxiety with the manifestations of aging or common illnesses among the elderly. That is why, in many cases, these symptoms can be invalidated. That is why it is so important to pay attention to the symptoms and have a diagnosis by a mental health specialist.
If you have not been able to control anxiety, it is highly recommended to resort to psychological therapy and, in some cases, this therapy can be supported by pharmacological treatment.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most common and effective for changing negative thought patterns and learning strategies that allow the elderly person to identify and confront conflictive situations, as well as convert negative thoughts into positive ones.
In some cases, pharmacological treatment can be complementary help. Anxiolytic medications are only prescribed at certain times and under medical supervision.
Tips to prevent anxiety in the elderly
Preventing anxiety in older people involves following healthy habits, in addition to continuing with an active social life; In short, it is about leading a lifestyle in line with active aging:
-Healthy living. Doing moderate daily exercise, as well as following a balanced diet, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, are essential guidelines to try to prevent anxiety in the elderly.
-Maintain social connections. It is important to escape social isolation. Therefore, healthy social relationships must be encouraged, as they can provide emotional support.
-Promote sleep habits. Getting enough sleep and rest contributes significantly to mental health and preventing anxiety.
-Establish routines. Routines provide structure and predictability, which can be comforting for older people. Try to establish daily routines that include moments of relaxation.
We are aware of the importance of these tips to calm anxiety in older people. That is why, in our Day Centers and Residences, we ensure that our seniors practice physical exercise, do cognitive stimulation activities and, above all, that they do not feel alone and participate in social activities, which can help prevent and reduce depression and anxiety.
In addition, at NAMI we have Specialized Centers in Psychogeriatrics and Specialized Units where we care for and treat those elderly residents who suffer from a mental illness and who require institutionalization due to their pathology or the need for constant care and supervision. Our objective is always focused on rehabilitating and improving the personal autonomy of our elderly.
