As we age, various factors such as fluid retention, circulatory problems and underlying medical conditions can contribute to the appearance of swollen feet in older people.
Although it is a common problem, of little concern and usually painless, there are cases in which swollen feet in older people can be a sign of a more serious disorder. Therefore, it is important to know the causes of this problem and know what we can do to alleviate and prevent the discomfort.
Causes that cause swollen feet in older people
Swollen feet and ankles in older people can be the result of various causes related to the normal aging process and associated medical conditions. If this swelling is frequent, it is advisable to consult with the doctor, more than anything, to rule out whether a dangerous health disorder is hidden behind it, such as heart disease or a blood clot.
Among the most common causes that cause foot swelling in older people, we find:
- Fluid retention
With aging, the body may experience a decrease in the efficiency of the lymphatic (lymphatic edema) and venous system, leading to fluid accumulation in the tissues, especially in the lower extremities.
- Circulatory problems
Conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency or varicose veins can affect blood circulation in the legs, contributing to swelling of the feet. This is because aging leads to the loss of elasticity of the venous valves. This means that the circulatory system cannot pump blood with sufficient pressure, and some of it may be retained in the legs, causing swelling and redness in the area.
- Arthritis
Diseases such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can cause inflammation in the joints of the feet, causing pain and swelling in the ankle.
- Ankle or foot injury
It is also normal that, after a blow, fall or sprain of the ankle, it is possible that the area may swell and cause pain and stiffness.
- Kidney problems
A kidney failure can affect the body’s ability to eliminate waste and excess fluids, which can result in edema.
- Poor diet
Eating an unbalanced diet rich in salts harms the heart and, therefore, can create circulation problems in the legs.
- Sedentary lifestyle
Lack of physical activity, very common in older people, can affect circulation and promote the accumulation of fluids in the lower extremities.
- Other factors
Also being overweight, habitual constipation, menopause or excessive heat can have an impact on our cardiovascular and lymphatic system, causing fluid retention or venous insufficiency, responsible for this problem.
Symptoms associated with foot swelling in older people
Swelling of the feet in older people can lead to different symptoms:
- Feeling of heaviness in the legs, which makes mobility difficult and generates a lot of discomfort.
- Pain in the feet, ankles or legs, which can be constant or intermittent, and its intensity varies depending on the cause that causes it.
- Changes in the skin, such as redness or, on the contrary, we may find the skin pale and cold. In addition, prolonged swelling can lead to the appearance of ulcers or changes in skin texture as well as a burning sensation.
- Limitation when flexing the feet and ankles, which impacts mobility and quality of life.
How to prevent inflammation of swollen feet and ankles
To try to prevent foot and ankle inflammation in older people it is recommended:
- Maintain an active lifestyle. Regular physical exercise helps improve blood circulation and prevent fluid buildup in the extremities. Activities such as walking or swimming are very beneficial.
- Elevate the legs above the level of the heart, especially at the end of the day, to facilitate venous return.
- Avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time. It is advisable to change position frequently and stretch to maintain good circulation.
- Wear comfortable and appropriate footwear that fit well and provide good support, this way we help prevent circulation problems and reduce pressure on the feet and ankles.
- Avoid being overweight, as it can exert additional pressure and contribute to the formation of edema.
- Reduce sodium intake (table salt and salty foods) to prevent fluid retention.
- Increase the consumption of diuretic foods, such as asparagus, artichoke, pineapple, endive, etc., and in general, fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Stay well hydrated.
Treatments for swollen feet in older people
The treatment of swollen feet in older people may vary depending on the cause of the inflammation. Since each case is unique, it is important for a health professional to evaluate the situation and determine the best treatment strategy. However, we have some options and general tips that could help deal with this problem:
- Elevate your legs above heart level several times a day, especially when resting.
- Wear compression stockings, as they can help improve circulation and reduce swelling.
- Perform low-impact physical activities. The level of exercise should be adapted to the general health condition of the elderly person.
- In some cases, doctors may prescribe diuretic medications to help remove excess fluid from the body especially when heart function is affected.
- Gentle foot and leg massages can improve circulation, help drain fluids, and relieve swelling.
- Treat other medical conditions that are related to swelling, such as heart failure, kidney problems, or arthritis.
- Change or consider adjusting medication, in cases where we know it contributes to swelling.
We ensure adequate follow-up in the care of our elderly with swollen feet. We take care of their medical check-ups, guarantee the taking of medications, take care of their diet and hydration and adjust the exercise programs that help our seniors control and reduce the swelling of their feet and ankles.
